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Journal of Management Inquiry
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Leading in Cynical Times

James M. Kouzes

Santa Clara University

Barry Z. Posner

Santa Clara University

Times of uncertainty often breed cynicism. Disillusionment with people in high places who misuse the public’s trust erodes confidence in leaders. Given that leadership is a relationship—with credibility at the heart of this relationship—we postulate six important requirements for beating the cynics and restoring both the opportunity to lead and to have trust in our leaders.

Key Words: leadership • cynicism • credibility • leader-follower relationships

Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 14, No. 4, 357-364 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1056492605280221
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